Handle FinishReason.NO_IMAGE and fix optional chaining

- Add NO_IMAGE to error finish reasons in Google provider
- Fix non-null assertion after optional chaining in Anthropic provider
- Migrate biome config to 2.3.5
- Ignore Tailwind CSS file from biome checks
- Bump all packages to version 0.6.0

packages/coding-agent/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
 	"name": "@mariozechner/coding-agent",
-	"version": "0.5.48",
+	"version": "0.6.0",
 	"description": "Coding agent CLI with read, bash, edit, write tools and session management",
 	"type": "module",
 	"bin": {