658 lines
20 KiB
Python
658 lines
20 KiB
Python
#!/usr/bin/env python3
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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换源脚本：支持以下发行版与架构
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- Debian 11 (bullseye), Debian 12 (bookworm) — amd64/arm64
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- Ubuntu 22.04 (jammy), Ubuntu 24.04 (noble) — amd64/arm64
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APT 镜像选项：official（官方）、aliyun（阿里云）、tsinghua（清华）
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pip 永久换源选项：tsinghua、aliyun、tencent、douban、default(恢复官方)
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用法示例：
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APT 交互： sudo python3 changesource.py
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APT 指定： sudo python3 changesource.py --mirror aliyun
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APT 仅查看： python3 changesource.py --mirror tsinghua --dry-run
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APT 写入更新： sudo python3 changesource.py --mirror official --update
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pip 交互： python3 changesource.py --pip-only
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pip 指定： python3 changesource.py --pip-mirror tsinghua
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pip 恢复默认： python3 changesource.py --pip-mirror default
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注意：写入 /etc/apt/sources.list 与执行 apt-get update 需要 root 权限；Termux 下不需要 root。
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import argparse
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import datetime
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import os
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import platform
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import re
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import shutil
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import subprocess
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import sys
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from typing import Dict, Tuple, List
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SUPPORTED = {
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"debian": {"11": "bullseye", "12": "bookworm"},
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"ubuntu": {"22.04": "jammy", "24.04": "noble"},
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}
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# Termux 检测
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def is_termux() -> bool:
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prefix = os.environ.get("PREFIX", "")
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if "com.termux" in prefix:
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return True
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if os.environ.get("TERMUX_VERSION"):
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return True
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# 兜底：常见默认 PREFIX
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if prefix == "/data/data/com.termux/files/usr":
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return True
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return False
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def get_termux_prefix() -> str:
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return os.environ.get("PREFIX", "/data/data/com.termux/files/usr")
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#阅读系统信息
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def read_os_release() -> Dict[str, str]:
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data: Dict[str, str] = {}
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try:
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with open("/etc/os-release", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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for line in f:
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line = line.strip()
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if not line or line.startswith("#") or "=" not in line:
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continue
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k, v = line.split("=", 1)
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v = v.strip().strip('"').strip("'")
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data[k] = v
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except Exception:
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pass
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return data
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#规范化架构名称
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def normalize_arch(uname_arch: str) -> str:
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a = uname_arch.lower()
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if a in ("x86_64", "amd64"):
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return "amd64"
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if a in ("aarch64", "arm64"):
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return "arm64"
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# 其它架构暂不写入 sources 约束（APT 不必声明架构），但用于提示
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return a
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#获取发行版版本信息
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def get_distro_info() -> Tuple[str, str, str]:
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"""返回 (id, version_id, codename)
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id: debian/ubuntu
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version_id: 如 '11', '12', '22.04', '24.04'
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codename: bullseye/bookworm/jammy/noble
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"""
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info = read_os_release()
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distro_id = info.get("ID", "").lower()
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version_id = info.get("VERSION_ID", "")
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codename = info.get("VERSION_CODENAME", "").lower()
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# 一些派生可能提供 UBUNTU_CODENAME
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if not codename:
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codename = info.get("UBUNTU_CODENAME", "").lower()
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# 规范化版本格式
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if distro_id == "debian":
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# Debian 通常为 '11' 或 '12'
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version_id = version_id.split(".")[0]
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if not codename and version_id in SUPPORTED["debian"]:
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codename = SUPPORTED["debian"][version_id]
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elif distro_id == "ubuntu":
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# Ubuntu 保留小版本以匹配 22.04 / 24.04
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m = re.match(r"(\d{2})\.(\d{2})", version_id or "")
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if m:
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version_id = f"{m.group(1)}.{m.group(2)}"
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if not codename and version_id in SUPPORTED["ubuntu"]:
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codename = SUPPORTED["ubuntu"][version_id]
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return distro_id, version_id, codename
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#验证发行版与版本支持
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def validate_supported(distro_id: str, version_id: str, codename: str) -> Tuple[bool, str]:
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if distro_id not in SUPPORTED:
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return False, f"不支持的发行版: {distro_id}"
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if distro_id == "debian":
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if version_id not in SUPPORTED[distro_id]:
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return False, f"不支持的 Debian 版本: {version_id}（仅支持 11/12）"
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expect = SUPPORTED[distro_id][version_id]
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if codename != expect:
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return False, f"版本代号不匹配: 期望 {expect}, 实际 {codename or '未知'}"
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elif distro_id == "ubuntu":
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if version_id not in SUPPORTED[distro_id]:
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return False, f"不支持的 Ubuntu 版本: {version_id}（仅支持 22.04/24.04）"
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expect = SUPPORTED[distro_id][version_id]
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if codename != expect:
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return False, f"版本代号不匹配: 期望 {expect}, 实际 {codename or '未知'}"
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return True, ""
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# ---- Termux 支持（仅清华源）----
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def _termux_apply_mirror_to_file(path: str, pattern: str, new_line: str, dry_run: bool) -> bool:
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"""在给定文件中，将匹配 pattern 的行注释掉并在下一行追加 new_line；如果未匹配，且文件存在且不包含 new_line，则在末尾追加。
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返回是否发生变更。
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"""
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if not os.path.exists(path):
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return False
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try:
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with open(path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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lines: List[str] = f.read().splitlines()
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except Exception:
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# 读取失败视为不变更
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return False
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import re as _re
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changed = False
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out_lines: List[str] = []
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matched_once = False
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for line in lines:
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m = _re.match(pattern, line)
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if m:
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matched_once = True
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if not dry_run:
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out_lines.append("#" + line)
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out_lines.append(new_line)
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changed = True
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else:
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out_lines.append(line)
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if not matched_once:
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# 未匹配时，如果没有新行，则追加
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if new_line not in lines:
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if not dry_run:
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if out_lines and out_lines[-1].strip():
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out_lines.append("")
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out_lines.append("# added by changesource.py")
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out_lines.append(new_line)
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changed = True
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if changed and not dry_run:
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# 备份并写回
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backup_file(path)
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with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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f.write("\n".join(out_lines) + "\n")
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return changed
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# Termux 切换到清华源
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def termux_switch_to_tsinghua(dry_run: bool, update: bool, assume_yes: bool) -> int:
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prefix = get_termux_prefix()
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main_path = os.path.join(prefix, "etc/apt/sources.list")
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x11_path = os.path.join(prefix, "etc/apt/sources.list.d/x11.list")
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root_path = os.path.join(prefix, "etc/apt/sources.list.d/root.list")
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# 与清华源教程一致的替换模式
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main_pat = r"^(deb.*stable main)$"
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main_new = "deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/apt/termux-main stable main"
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x11_pat = r"^(deb.*x11 main)$"
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x11_new = "deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/apt/termux-x11 x11 main"
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root_pat = r"^(deb.*root main)$"
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root_new = "deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/termux/apt/termux-root root main"
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print("[Termux] 目标镜像：清华 TUNA")
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print(f"[Termux] PREFIX={prefix}")
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# 确认
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if not dry_run and not assume_yes:
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ans = input("确认为 Termux 写入清华镜像源？[y/N]: ").strip().lower()
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if ans not in ("y", "yes"):
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print("已取消。")
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return 0
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# 执行替换
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changed_any = False
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for p, pat, newl in [
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(main_path, main_pat, main_new),
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(x11_path, x11_pat, x11_new),
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(root_path, root_pat, root_new),
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]:
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if os.path.exists(p):
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print(f"[Termux] 处理 {p}")
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changed = _termux_apply_mirror_to_file(p, pat, newl, dry_run)
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changed_any = changed_any or changed
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else:
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print(f"[Termux] 跳过（不存在）：{p}")
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if dry_run:
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print("[Termux] dry-run: 未实际写入。")
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return 0
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if update:
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# 运行 apt update / upgrade
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try:
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rc1 = subprocess.run(["apt", "update"], check=False).returncode
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if rc1 != 0:
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print(f"apt update 失败，返回码 {rc1}")
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return rc1
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cmd = ["apt", "upgrade"]
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if assume_yes:
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cmd.insert(2, "-y")
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rc2 = subprocess.run(cmd, check=False).returncode
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if rc2 != 0:
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print(f"apt upgrade 失败，返回码 {rc2}")
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return rc2
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except FileNotFoundError:
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print("未找到 apt，请确认处于 Termux 环境。", file=sys.stderr)
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return 127
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print("[Termux] 已完成清华源处理。")
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return 0
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#渲染 Debian 源列表
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def render_debian_sources(codename: str, mirror: str) -> str:
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# 组件：Debian 12 含 non-free-firmware
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components = "main contrib non-free"
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if codename == "bookworm":
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components = "main contrib non-free non-free-firmware"
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if mirror == "official":
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base = "http://deb.debian.org/debian"
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sec = "http://security.debian.org/debian-security"
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elif mirror == "aliyun":
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base = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian"
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sec = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security"
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elif mirror == "tsinghua":
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base = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian"
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sec = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security"
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else:
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raise ValueError(f"未知镜像: {mirror}")
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lines = [
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f"deb {base} {codename} {components}",
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f"deb {sec} {codename}-security {components}",
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f"deb {base} {codename}-updates {components}",
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]
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return "\n".join(lines) + "\n"
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#渲染 Ubuntu 源列表
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def render_ubuntu_sources(codename: str, mirror: str) -> str:
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if mirror == "official":
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base = "http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu"
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sec = "http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu"
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elif mirror == "aliyun":
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base = sec = "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu"
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elif mirror == "tsinghua":
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base = sec = "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu"
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else:
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raise ValueError(f"未知镜像: {mirror}")
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components = "main restricted universe multiverse"
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lines = [
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f"deb {base} {codename} {components}",
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f"deb {base} {codename}-updates {components}",
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f"deb {base} {codename}-backports {components}",
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f"deb {sec} {codename}-security {components}",
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]
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return "\n".join(lines) + "\n"
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#根据发行版渲染源列表
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def render_sources(distro_id: str, codename: str, mirror: str) -> str:
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if distro_id == "debian":
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return render_debian_sources(codename, mirror)
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elif distro_id == "ubuntu":
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return render_ubuntu_sources(codename, mirror)
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else:
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raise ValueError(f"不支持的发行版: {distro_id}")
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#确保以 root 权限运行
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def ensure_root(for_what: str) -> None:
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if os.geteuid() != 0:
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print(f"[需要 root] {for_what} 请使用 sudo 运行此脚本。", file=sys.stderr)
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sys.exit(1)
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#备份文件
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def backup_file(path: str) -> str:
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ts = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
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bak = f"{path}.bak-{ts}"
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try:
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if os.path.exists(path):
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shutil.copy2(path, bak)
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"备份 {path} 失败: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
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sys.exit(1)
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return bak
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#写入 sources.list
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def write_sources(content: str, path: str = "/etc/apt/sources.list") -> None:
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# 先备份，再写入
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backup_file(path)
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try:
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with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
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f.write(content)
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except Exception as e:
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print(f"写入 {path} 失败: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
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sys.exit(1)
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#执行 apt-get update
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def apt_update() -> int:
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try:
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# 与用户共享输出
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proc = subprocess.run(["apt-get", "update"], check=False)
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return proc.returncode
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except FileNotFoundError:
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print("未找到 apt-get，请确认系统为 Debian/Ubuntu。", file=sys.stderr)
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return 127
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#交互式选择镜像
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def choose_mirror_interactive() -> str:
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print("\n================ Linux 软件源镜像切换 ================")
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print("请选择要切换的镜像源：")
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options = [
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("official", "默认官方源"),
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("aliyun", "阿里云"),
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("tsinghua", "清华源"),
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]
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print(" 0. 跳过（不更改）")
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for idx, (_, label) in enumerate(options, start=1):
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print(f" {idx}. {label}")
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raw = input("输入编号 (默认 1): ").strip()
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if not raw:
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return options[0][0]
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try:
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i = int(raw)
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if i == 0:
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return "skip"
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if 1 <= i <= len(options):
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return options[i - 1][0]
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except Exception:
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pass
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print("输入无效，默认选择 1. 默认官方源。")
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return options[0][0]
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# 统一交互主面板
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def show_main_menu() -> tuple[str, str | None]:
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"""
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显示统一交互面板并返回用户选择。
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返回 (mode, value)
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- mode: 'apt' 或 'pip' 或 'skip'
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- value: 对于 apt，为 'ubuntu'|'debian'|'termux'；对于 pip，为 'tsinghua'|'aliyun'|'tencent'|'default'
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"""
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print("============请选择需要换源的命令============")
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print("Linux发行版软件源：")
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print("1.Ubuntu（支持22 24 amd64 arm64 官方源 清华源 阿里源）")
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print("2.Debian（支持11 12 amd64 arm64 官方源 清华源 阿里源）")
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print("3.Termux（支持清华源）")
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print()
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print("Python的pip镜像源：")
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print("a.清华源")
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print("b.阿里源")
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print("c.腾讯源")
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print("d.官方源")
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print("===========================================")
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sel = input("请输入选项编号（1/2/3 或 a/b/c/d，其他跳过）：").strip().lower()
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if sel == "1":
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return ("apt", "ubuntu")
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if sel == "2":
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return ("apt", "debian")
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if sel == "3":
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return ("apt", "termux")
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if sel == "a":
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return ("pip", "tsinghua")
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if sel == "b":
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return ("pip", "aliyun")
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if sel == "c":
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return ("pip", "tencent")
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if sel == "d":
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return ("pip", "default")
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return ("skip", None)
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#解析命令行参数
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def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
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p = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="APT 换源脚本")
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p.add_argument("--mirror", choices=["official", "aliyun", "tsinghua"], help="选择镜像源")
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p.add_argument("--dry-run", action="store_true", help="仅打印将要写入的 sources.list，不实际写入")
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p.add_argument("--update", action="store_true", help="写入后执行 apt-get update")
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p.add_argument("-y", "--yes", action="store_true", help="不提示，直接写入")
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p.add_argument("--path", default="/etc/apt/sources.list", help="sources.list 路径（默认 /etc/apt/sources.list）")
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# pip 相关
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p.add_argument("--pip-mirror", choices=["tsinghua", "aliyun", "tencent", "douban", "default"], help="设置 pip 全局镜像（default 为恢复官方）")
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p.add_argument("--pip-only", action="store_true", help="仅执行 pip 换源，不进行 APT 换源")
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return p.parse_args()
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# pip 镜像映射
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PIP_MIRRORS: Dict[str, str | None] = {
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"tsinghua": "https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple",
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"aliyun": "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/",
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"tencent": "http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/pypi/simple",
|
||
"douban": "http://pypi.douban.com/simple/",
|
||
"default": None, # unset
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
|
||
def choose_pip_mirror_interactive() -> str:
|
||
print("\n=============== Python 的 pip 镜像源切换 ===============")
|
||
print("请选择 pip 镜像：")
|
||
options = [
|
||
("tsinghua", "清华 TUNA"),
|
||
("aliyun", "阿里云"),
|
||
("tencent", "腾讯云"),
|
||
("douban", "豆瓣"),
|
||
("default", "恢复官方默认"),
|
||
]
|
||
print(" 0. 跳过（不更改）")
|
||
for i, (_, label) in enumerate(options, 1):
|
||
print(f" {i}. {label}")
|
||
raw = input("输入编号 (默认 1): ").strip()
|
||
if not raw:
|
||
return options[0][0]
|
||
try:
|
||
idx = int(raw)
|
||
if idx == 0:
|
||
return "skip"
|
||
if 1 <= idx <= len(options):
|
||
return options[idx - 1][0]
|
||
except Exception:
|
||
pass
|
||
print("输入无效，默认选择 1. 清华 TUNA。")
|
||
return options[0][0]
|
||
|
||
|
||
def run_pip_config(mirror_key: str, dry_run: bool, assume_yes: bool) -> int:
|
||
url = PIP_MIRRORS.get(mirror_key)
|
||
py = sys.executable or "python3"
|
||
if url:
|
||
cmd = [py, "-m", "pip", "config", "set", "global.index-url", url]
|
||
desc = f"pip 使用镜像: {mirror_key} -> {url}"
|
||
else:
|
||
cmd = [py, "-m", "pip", "config", "unset", "global.index-url"]
|
||
desc = "pip 恢复官方默认源"
|
||
print(f"[pip] {desc}")
|
||
print(f"[pip] 将执行: {' '.join(cmd)}")
|
||
if dry_run:
|
||
print("[pip] dry-run: 未实际执行。")
|
||
return 0
|
||
if not assume_yes:
|
||
ans = input("确认执行 pip 配置变更？[y/N]: ").strip().lower()
|
||
if ans not in ("y", "yes"):
|
||
print("已取消。")
|
||
return 0
|
||
try:
|
||
rc = subprocess.run(cmd, check=False).returncode
|
||
if rc == 0:
|
||
print("[pip] 已完成。")
|
||
else:
|
||
print(f"[pip] 失败，返回码 {rc}")
|
||
return rc
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
print(f"[pip] 执行失败: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
|
||
return 1
|
||
|
||
#主函数
|
||
def main() -> None:
|
||
args = parse_args()
|
||
|
||
distro_id, version_id, codename = get_distro_info()
|
||
arch = normalize_arch(platform.machine())
|
||
|
||
# 在换源前输出系统信息
|
||
print(f"检测到系统：distro={distro_id or 'unknown'}, version={version_id or 'unknown'}, codename={codename or 'unknown'}, arch={arch}")
|
||
|
||
# 两个板块：APT 与 pip
|
||
final_rc = 0
|
||
|
||
# 如果未提供任何镜像参数，则进入统一交互主面板一次
|
||
invoked_by_menu = False
|
||
if not any([args.mirror, args.pip_mirror, args.pip_only]):
|
||
mode, value = show_main_menu()
|
||
invoked_by_menu = True
|
||
if mode == "apt":
|
||
# 将菜单选择映射到 apt 的 mirror 与环境
|
||
if value == "termux":
|
||
# Termux 只支持清华
|
||
args.mirror = "tsinghua"
|
||
# 用户意图仅为 APT，故跳过后续 pip 交互
|
||
args.pip_mirror = "skip"
|
||
elif mode == "pip":
|
||
# 直接设置 pip 目标镜像并跳过 APT 流程
|
||
args.pip_mirror = value
|
||
args.pip_only = True
|
||
else:
|
||
# 完全跳过：同时跳过 APT 与 pip 的后续交互
|
||
print("已跳过。")
|
||
args.mirror = "skip"
|
||
args.pip_mirror = "skip"
|
||
|
||
# APT 板块
|
||
if not args.pip_only:
|
||
mirror = args.mirror or choose_mirror_interactive()
|
||
if mirror != "skip":
|
||
if is_termux():
|
||
if mirror != "tsinghua":
|
||
print("Termux 环境当前仅支持切换到清华源（tsinghua）。请使用 --mirror tsinghua 或选择跳过。", file=sys.stderr)
|
||
final_rc = final_rc or 2
|
||
else:
|
||
rc = termux_switch_to_tsinghua(args.dry_run, args.update, args.yes)
|
||
final_rc = rc or final_rc
|
||
else:
|
||
ok, reason = validate_supported(distro_id, version_id, codename)
|
||
if not ok:
|
||
print(reason, file=sys.stderr)
|
||
final_rc = final_rc or 2
|
||
else:
|
||
try:
|
||
content = render_sources(distro_id, codename, mirror)
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
print(str(e), file=sys.stderr)
|
||
sys.exit(3)
|
||
|
||
header = (
|
||
f"# Generated by changesource.py on {datetime.datetime.now().isoformat(timespec='seconds')}\n"
|
||
f"# distro={distro_id} version={version_id} codename={codename} arch={arch}\n"
|
||
f"# mirror={mirror}\n"
|
||
)
|
||
content = header + content
|
||
|
||
if args.dry_run:
|
||
print(content)
|
||
else:
|
||
if os.geteuid() != 0:
|
||
print("写入 sources.list 需要 root 权限，请使用 sudo 运行或带 --dry-run 预览。", file=sys.stderr)
|
||
final_rc = final_rc or 1
|
||
else:
|
||
# 确认
|
||
if not args.yes:
|
||
print("将写入以下内容到:", args.path)
|
||
print("-" * 60)
|
||
print(content)
|
||
print("-" * 60)
|
||
ans = input("确认写入？[y/N]: ").strip().lower()
|
||
if ans not in ("y", "yes"):
|
||
print("已取消。")
|
||
else:
|
||
write_sources(content, args.path)
|
||
print(f"已写入 {args.path} 并备份原文件为 .bak-时间戳。")
|
||
if args.update:
|
||
rc = apt_update()
|
||
if rc == 0:
|
||
print("apt-get update 成功。")
|
||
else:
|
||
print(f"apt-get update 退出码 {rc}，请检查网络或源配置。")
|
||
else:
|
||
write_sources(content, args.path)
|
||
print(f"已写入 {args.path} 并备份原文件为 .bak-时间戳。")
|
||
if args.update:
|
||
rc = apt_update()
|
||
if rc == 0:
|
||
print("apt-get update 成功。")
|
||
else:
|
||
print(f"apt-get update 退出码 {rc}，请检查网络或源配置。")
|
||
|
||
# pip 板块
|
||
pip_key: str | None = args.pip_mirror
|
||
if pip_key is None:
|
||
# 若未提供且也未指定仅 APT，则展示 pip 板块交互
|
||
pip_key = choose_pip_mirror_interactive()
|
||
if pip_key and pip_key != "skip":
|
||
rc_pip = run_pip_config(pip_key, args.dry_run, args.yes)
|
||
final_rc = rc_pip or final_rc
|
||
|
||
sys.exit(final_rc)
|
||
|
||
ok, reason = validate_supported(distro_id, version_id, codename)
|
||
if not ok:
|
||
print(reason, file=sys.stderr)
|
||
sys.exit(2)
|
||
|
||
try:
|
||
content = render_sources(distro_id, codename, mirror)
|
||
except Exception as e:
|
||
print(str(e), file=sys.stderr)
|
||
sys.exit(3)
|
||
|
||
header = (
|
||
f"# Generated by changesource.py on {datetime.datetime.now().isoformat(timespec='seconds')}\n"
|
||
f"# distro={distro_id} version={version_id} codename={codename} arch={arch}\n"
|
||
f"# mirror={mirror}\n"
|
||
)
|
||
content = header + content
|
||
|
||
if args.dry_run:
|
||
print(content)
|
||
return
|
||
|
||
if os.geteuid() != 0:
|
||
print("写入 sources.list 需要 root 权限，请使用 sudo 运行或带 --dry-run 预览。", file=sys.stderr)
|
||
sys.exit(1)
|
||
|
||
# 确认
|
||
if not args.yes:
|
||
print("将写入以下内容到:", args.path)
|
||
print("-" * 60)
|
||
print(content)
|
||
print("-" * 60)
|
||
ans = input("确认写入？[y/N]: ").strip().lower()
|
||
if ans not in ("y", "yes"):
|
||
print("已取消。")
|
||
return
|
||
|
||
write_sources(content, args.path)
|
||
print(f"已写入 {args.path} 并备份原文件为 .bak-时间戳。")
|
||
|
||
if args.update:
|
||
rc = apt_update()
|
||
if rc == 0:
|
||
print("apt-get update 成功。")
|
||
else:
|
||
print(f"apt-get update 退出码 {rc}，请检查网络或源配置。")
|
||
|
||
|
||
if __name__ == "__main__":
|
||
main()
|
||
|