141 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
141 lines
4.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: linux-ssh-operator-skill
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description: 通过 SSH 连接并操作 Linux 服务器：执行远程命令、查看日志、管理 systemd 服务、传输文件（scp/rsync）、配置 SSH 别名、安装公钥启用免密登录、排障。用户提到 ssh/scp/rsync、远程服务器 IP:端口、配置 ssh 别名、ssh-copy-id、免密登录、systemctl/journalctl、部署到服务器、在服务器上运行命令、远程拷贝文件 等场景时使用。
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---
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# Linux SSH Operator
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## Overview
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Use SSH to connect to Linux servers and perform safe, repeatable remote operations (commands, logs, services, file transfer, alias bootstrap, passwordless login).
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## Workflow
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1. Confirm authorization and the target (host, port, user).
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2. Prefer SSH keys (recommended) for non-interactive runs; avoid storing passwords in files or chat logs.
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3. Start with read-only checks, then apply changes, then verify.
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4. If a password prompt or interactive tool is required, run the SSH command in a real terminal/TTY (or enable TTY in your runner).
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## Quick Start
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### Set up SSH keys (recommended)
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Generate a key (ed25519):
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```bash
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ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "codex" -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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```
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Install the public key on the server (example uses port 22):
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```bash
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ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub -p 22 USER@SERVER_IP
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```
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Optional: create an alias in `~/.ssh/config`:
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```sshconfig
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Host my-server
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HostName SERVER_IP
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Port 22
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User USER
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IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
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IdentitiesOnly yes
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```
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Then connect:
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```bash
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ssh my-server
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```
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### Bootstrap alias + passwordless login
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When the user provides an alias, host/IP, and password and wants `ssh alias` to work immediately:
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1. Write or update the alias with the helper script:
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```bash
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~/.claude/skills/linux-ssh-operator-skill/scripts/ssh_alias_setup.sh my-server 192.168.1.10 --user root --install-key
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```
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2. If `ssh-copy-id` prompts for a password, run in a TTY and enter the password once.
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3. Verify passwordless login:
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```bash
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ssh -o BatchMode=yes my-server 'echo SSH_OK; id -un 2>/dev/null || echo root'
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```
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4. Remind the user that `scp` and `rsync` can reuse the same alias:
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```bash
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scp ./file.txt my-server:/root/
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rsync -av ./dir/ my-server:/root/dir/
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```
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Notes:
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- `scripts/ssh_alias_setup.sh` auto-generates `~/.ssh/id_ed25519` if it does not exist.
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- It updates `~/.ssh/config` idempotently and defaults to `root`, port `22`, and `StrictHostKeyChecking=accept-new`.
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- For tests, set `SSH_CONFIG_FILE=/path/to/temp-config`.
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### Run remote commands
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- Direct:
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```bash
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ssh my-server uname -a
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```
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- With sudo (often needs a TTY):
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```bash
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ssh -tt my-server sudo systemctl status nginx --no-pager
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```
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- Via wrapper script (consistent options; supports env defaults like `REMOTE_USER`, `REMOTE_PORT`, `REMOTE_KEY`):
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- If you installed this Skill globally in `~/.claude/skills/`, use the absolute paths below (recommended so both Claude Code + OpenCode can find it).
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```bash
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~/.claude/skills/linux-ssh-operator-skill/scripts/ssh_run.sh my-server -- uname -a
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~/.claude/skills/linux-ssh-operator-skill/scripts/ssh_run.sh --tty --sudo my-server -- systemctl restart nginx
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```
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### Transfer files
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Upload:
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```bash
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~/.claude/skills/linux-ssh-operator-skill/scripts/ssh_copy.sh push my-server ./local.txt /tmp/local.txt
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```
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Download:
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```bash
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~/.claude/skills/linux-ssh-operator-skill/scripts/ssh_copy.sh pull my-server /var/log/syslog ./syslog
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```
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## Common Ops (snippets)
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- Disk: `df -h`, `du -sh /path/* | sort -h`
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- Memory/CPU: `free -h`, `top`, `ps aux --sort=-%mem | head`
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- Logs: `journalctl -u SERVICE -n 200 --no-pager`, `tail -n 200 -f /path/log`
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- Services: `systemctl status|restart|stop SERVICE`
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- Networking: `ss -lntp`, `ip a`, `ip r`, `curl -v http://127.0.0.1:PORT/`
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## Safety
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- Never store or paste passwords in repo files or chat logs.
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- Avoid `StrictHostKeyChecking=no`; prefer verifying host keys (or use `accept-new` only when appropriate).
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- For destructive commands (rm, shutdown, firewall changes), ask for explicit user confirmation and show the exact command first.
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## References
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- SSH security + troubleshooting: `references/ssh-playbook.md`
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## Scripts
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- `scripts/ssh_alias_setup.sh`: create/update SSH aliases and optionally run `ssh-copy-id`.
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- `scripts/ssh_run.sh`: run remote commands with consistent options.
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- `scripts/ssh_copy.sh`: push/pull files via scp with consistent options.
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